Researchers aim for rapid biomarker diagnostic test for stroke, using saliva

Birmingham researchers are to set to collaborate on a study that could result in a rapid non-invasive diagnostic test to identify stroke patients who need time-critical treatment before irreversible brain damage occurs. 

Funded by the Stroke Association, the Golden HOur for STroke (GHoST) study will involve the West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Midlands Air Ambulance Charity, and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust and industry partner Marker Diagnostics.

Ambulance personnel currently use symptom checklists to identify stroke, with a full assessment usually taking place at a Hyperacute Stroke Unit and followed by transfer to a specialist neuroscience unit for treatment. In the UK, this transfer can add at least an hour to the treatment pathway. 

The GHoST study, led by Professor Antonio Belli, professor of Trauma Neurosurgery at the University of Birmingham’s Institute of Inflammation & Ageing, aims to identify biomarkers in blood, urine, or saliva, that will enable rapid diagnosis so patients can be routed directly to the most appropriate treatment centre.

Professor Belli’s research team has previously identified that the concentration of specific molecules in saliva changes rapidly after a traumatic brain injury. A three-year study in elite rugby established that these biomarkers can be used in next-generation diagnostic tests that can rapidly and reliably detect concussion.

He explained: “Our previous studies detected ultra-early biomarkers and cellular responses that had never been reported in human studies before and resulted in a non-invasive diagnostic test that could change the way concussion is managed. In conjunction with our industry partner Marker Diagnostics, we’re now looking to repeat this success with stroke.”

The study will run for three years, with results expected in late 2026.